The “K” factor is a power constant that represents the number of cubic inches of metal per minute that can be removed by one horsepower. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Part Number: 13500. Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Gauge Table. Manufacturer: Viking. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. 0. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. 81 m/s 2: Calculation. 20: Lubricated: 0. 1'' In addition to the standard AISIThe spring constant of each short wire is larger by a factor of 10. The K Factor Calculator uses the thickness of the material, bend angle, inside radius, and bend allowance to find the K factor. However, the washer is normally flat by. The K-factor approximations given below are more likely to be accurate for air bending than the other types of bending due to the lower forces involved in the forming process. & Yu, W. If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. ASME. For instance, 304 stainless steel forms a radius 20 to 22 percent of the die width, while a radius in 5052-H32 aluminum forms at 13 to 15 percent of the width. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. MIL-PRF-907F; Service. It comes with option of several k-factors and spray angles and. 2. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 2, θ = σ 0. K1 proximity sensors provide consistent sensing ranges for many metal target materials — and good value when evaluating cost versus sensing distance. Here are the steps to be followed to calculate sheet metal flat length: Step-1: Enter Flange Length, Internal Radius, and thickness values. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). 3, we will take the min value 0. Sponsored Links. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. 00 Conversion Gas GWP GWP N2O kg 0%298. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. ) who originally posited it as = where represents the applied true stress on the material, is the. A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components having. A slenderness ratio greater than. The total friction loss for the 10 bends is. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. The indicated residual pressures are based on the nominal K-factor. Carbon steel and stainless steel Y strainers are offered in sizes for 1/4" to 10" in pipelines FEATUrES • Heavy Duty Construction • Compact Design • Bolted or Threaded Covers • Standard Stainless Steel Screens OPTIONS • Perforated Stainless Steel Screens - 1/32" to 1/2" • 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 325 and 400 Mesh Stainless. Overview. The higher price for stainless steel fasteners and stainless steel nuts comes from the process of making stainless. The lockwasher serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. n. C. , and Giarratano, P. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. 1 \text { mm} 2. German / Deutsch. 33 K factor 0. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. 2, k u, θ = σ u, θ / σ u), a factor k 2 %, θ (denoted g 2, θ the in the Euro Inox/SCI Design Manual [16]) used to determine the elevated temperature. 7 min read. Carbon steel in a broader sense sometimes. Stainless Steel 316 . ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. This has been attributed to the nature of the grain boundary or the misorientation angle (proximity to low coincident site lattice – CSL). table - i : material of construction table - ii : approval data k-factor spray angle model & approvals mv-a brass, without strainer mv-as brass, with strainer mv-b stainlessAISI Type 316 Stainless Steel, annealed sheet. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. R – inside bend radius in m. 67 @ 200ºF. where . The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. Now what? What. 6% max), copper (). For TMT steel bars, it is 7850 kg/m3. However, this steel can be cold. Standard Metric; S-256-X: 2-56. The Total Materia database contains many thousands of stainless steel materials across a large range of countries and standards. Finishes Sprinkler: Stainless Steel Escutcheon: White Coated, Chrome Plated, Brass Plated, Stainless Steel, Black Coated, or White Coated Stainless Steel Physical Characteristics Frame. HIGH QUALITY STAINLESS STEEL FABRICATION. 05. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. 72 *10-6/K 16. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. 3T; Minimum size of Z-shaped bend: Z = W/2 + 2T + 1; The deduction coefficients for cold-rolled steel plate, aluminum-zinc coated plate, stainless steel plate, electrolytic plate, and aluminum plate are the same; Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . 44 psi/100ft = 9. 20: Lubricated: 0. Davis. 125. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. Show advanced filters Hide advanced filters. It is difficult to perform cold working in grade 330 stainless steel as the steel has high strength and work hardening rate. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. 3 which will result in K factor of 0. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. e. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). 5 in, wall thickness 0. For molded ceramic fiber products and packed or tightly packed insulation, losses will be lower than values shown. These are 304 SS material. 3572×10-3 m3. units by 10. Temperature Range. Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance. 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. We use cookies to enhance your experience. Note: Don’t confuse K-Factor with low coefficient of friction, which is not used for this calculation. SS 304 is non-magnetic under annealing conditions, but after cold working (such as stamping, stretching, bending, rolling), part of the. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. The Y and K-Factors affect how the part stretches when transitioning from a flat pattern to a finished. So we bend a lot of mild steel. Step-2: Enter K factor values. kg 10%0. 0 K-factor. R. 5-inch w. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. 0015-0. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. 8 mm bend radius has a springback of 0. We will assume a turbulent flow and k s = 1mm (concrete). /in. Our bend radius rule of thumb is the minimum radius = material thickness. Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius. Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. 7 C). See moreHow do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k. The spring bacK-Factor, commonly denoted by Ks, is the relation between the initial and final angles. F f = μ N (1). Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. (oF) Thermal Expansion. Stainless steel is the term used to describe a versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius, and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. UnfoldMethod. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. SI unit: W/m·K or W/m·°C; Imperial unit: Btu/ft·h·°F; Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Spanish / español. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers; F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. Resistors and resistor wire, used for zero. 11 to 0. Base part number is shown. View Article. 15 K = 0. Calculation of spring force at a given length is travel s * R. Stainless steel components extend the life of the sprinkler by resisting corrosion from cleaning agents used in commercial food production environments. 446. 15 K = 0. 8 kg. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. K = nut factor. It is also known as bend allowance and serves to calculate the sheet metal layout. Mark a fold line exactly in the center. 3 - 1. How to link the K-Factor and Sheet Metal Rule Style being used to the drawing. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. Calculate the effective length as: Leff = K × L. The K-factor and the Y-factor assess the sheet metal's response to bending and the degree to which it can be bent. 5% Ni, and also known as 18-8 stainless steel. Davis. The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. 17 . 0. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. 0015 : 0. 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . 20. Document. NIKAL contains no graphite, which is a benefit on stainless steel applications when temperatures exceed 550°F, as graphite can carburize the steel causing the steel to become much more susceptible to intergranular corrosion. k. 008-0. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. Bulletin 065. 16. 0 μm level mostly of Fe 3 O 4 with some of α-Fe 2 O 3, which means. The rate becomes very rapid as K max approaches K 1C. Just select a k factor according to your material from the table below. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. h: heat transfer coefficient, W/ (m 2 K)Emissivity is a measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy. But when you see an actual air-formed part, the. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. 2 m 2. Base part number is shown. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. 8 times the steel plate thickness and 1. Using the table of fittings and K. This table combines the bend allowance and bend deduction table so you can specify gauge values. 35 . However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. K-factors can be determined by using the following equation: K = Q/P 1/2, where K is represented by gallons per minute, or gpm/psi 1/2, Q is flow rate in gpm. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. 1. 1mm using an amada pressbrake. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. The k-factor is fundamental in the press-bending sector and is closely linked to the concept of spring back. 33 K factor 0. 2 5. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. Minimum spacing is for lateral distance between sprinklers located along a single wall. In 2001, Rasmussen et al. MC values range between 0. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. 84. The coefficient. The friction coefficient value changes not only with material but also with the position and. For example, chromium can be added for corrosion resistance, nickel can improve toughness and ductility, and. K Factor. 003 - 0. factor in service. tR = tF + 459. 85. View Product. 4 77. Related DocumentsThe friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object moves across it - or makes an effort to move across it. 00% THERMAL PROPERTIES Reference Temperature 23°C (73°F) 23°C (73°F). In fire protection system, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from the fire sprinkler (sprinkler head), water mist nozzle, or deluge fire system nozzles. This is your X if you are doing testing, D = nominal diameter (bolt diameter) of the fastener (in. 0. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. r = k / d h (1) where. 90. 5 mm measured from the inside bend, then you would. Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. Concrete (Dry) Rubber. It contains 11% chromium which is the minimum amount for the formation of the passive surface film which gives stainless steels their corrosion resistance. 446 inch. ξ = minor loss coefficient Δ p minor_loss = minor pressure loss (Pa (N/m 2 ), psf (lb/ft 2 ) ) . The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. View Specs. 2 in. The linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is dependent on the material from which an object is made. Its carbon content is ≤0. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. 15 K = 0. 6,and 8. Working Pressure: 175 psi (12 bar) Material Specifications Fusible Link: Beryllium Nickel Sprinkler Body: Brass Alloy Levers: Bronze Alloy Yoke: Brass Alloy Sealing washer: Nickel with PTFE Load Screw: Bronze Alloy Towers: Copper Alloy Pins: Stainless Steel Deflector: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. MRR = . Choose Installation Type. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. The thickness is usually specified using a. . NEMA 3R stainless steel (Type 316) available through 150 kVA. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. 04 Type of Fitting K Value Disk or Wobble Meter 3. Silver Fern Stainless is a Victoria-based business specializing in the highest quality stainless steel and aluminum. 304 stainless steel: 2–3°. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. 77CO 2 eq. From the diagram above, with the relative rougness and the Reynolds number - the friction factor can be estimated to aprox. 33: K factor:. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and Calculator ; Pipe Friction Equations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow ; Link to this Webpage: Copy Text to clipboard. Bend allowance chart for SECC (galvanized steel sheet). How To Use Sheet Metal Flat Length Calculator. It is recommended for parts that cannot be annealed after welding in certain corrosive environments. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. ) Tightening Torque min max min max min max min maxThe K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. The general rule here is this: The softer the material, the tighter the inside radius. J. 33 K factor 0. Therefore, the K factor remains constant. K Factor: 8. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. However, steel-containing structures decay due to corrosion, destroying. Loctite 242 is a lubricant. 4016 is a very popular and versatile grade of stainless steel. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. kFactor iProperties. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. The effect of this minimum level creates a chromium oxide layer on the surface, which is a self-healing oxygen barrier that stops further oxidation. Both fasteners are stainless steel. 6 8. Compression Screw: Stainless Steel UNS-S31603 Trigger and Support: Stainless Steel UNS-S31600 Fusible Element Assembly: Beryllium Nickel, coated with black acrylic. The tool can calculate the required bending force for bending aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel, and Weldox® or Strenx® high-strength steels. Material Iron metal Steel Stainless steel kg 6. 4 - 10 Rotary Meter (Star or Cog. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. 1. Other stainlessYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. Where high strength is. mild steel 0. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. Multiply the volume with density to get the 12 mm steel weight:300 K vacuum vessels but care must be taken that breaks. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. g = Universal Gravitational constant. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. How much material will be needed to create said bend? We already have all the information we need to calculate it from the bend allowance formula. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. 2. The. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. It resists galling and corrosion and reduces wear in heavy pressure applications. AISI 304 Stainless Steel (UNS S30400, SS 304) AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most widely used stainless steel, containing 18-20% Cr and 8-10. m -1. relieved thermally or mechanically. 6 8-32 Stainless Steel Fasteners Material Length of Thread Engagement (in) Experimental Torque Applied (in-lb) Calculated Torque From Tables (in-lb) 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” between 57-60 77. Cut a blank to a specific length (say 100mm) and measure it as accurately as possible. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. F f = frictional force (N, lb). . 04. They consist about 4-30% of chromium. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). while stainless steel plates can. F1XLH and F1FRXLH Series Standard Spray Sprinklers. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. The K-factor is the ratio between the the neutral axis to the thickness of the material. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. Biot number Boltzmann factor Boyle's law. 01 (m) and Reynolds number Re = 10 7 - the relative rougness can be calculated as. Therefore it is important to have the value correct in CAD software. k = roughness of duct, pipe or tube surface (m, ft) There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. The only study available in the literature for the SCFs of SST joints is by Feng and Young [9], who examined the SCFs of stainless steel SHS and rectangular hollow section (RHS) tubular X-joints. Fracture toughness. Fluid Velocity: 3 m/s: Fluid Density: 1000 kg/m 3: Friction Factor: 0. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. 0 lb/ft. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (`B`) Bend Angle (`IR`) Inside Radius (`BA`) Bend Allowance (`MT`) Material Thickness K Factor (K): The calculator returns the answer as a decimal. 83 @ 1000ºF. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. g. 2. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. The effect of bolt coatings and lubricants on the friction coefficients. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. 8 mm mild steel sheet with a 0. If you get a message that says inserting a bend table may cause the developed length of the flat pattern to change, click Yes. 6 – 0. need some help on a place to start with the bend allowance calcs. Coefficients for some common materials used in ducts and pipes are indicated below: Fluid Flow Friction Loss - Hazen-Williams Coefficients vs. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0. Data Tables Table 2. 01. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. We want to know the final length of the detail. 20 percent - 304 stainless steel; 15 percent - Cold-rolled steel; 15 percent - 5052 H32 Aluminum;LOCTITE® LB 771™ is a silver, thick, metallic heavy-duty, high temperature, nickel-based anti-seize lubricant paste. 2. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. Style: Upright. 0. (Learn proper lubrication techniques in our Level 1 course — now available free.